Artificial Intelligence for Patient Flow

Details

Why is this an issue?

  • Inefficient patient flow contributes to the overcrowding of health care settings and negative clinical outcomes and patient experiences downstream.
  • Patient flow management aims to achieve seamless patient movement through the health care system and between acute and long-term settings, ensuring timely access to quality care.

What is the technology?

    Photon-Counting CT: High Resolution, Less Radiation

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    Why Is This an Important Area of Interest?

    • CT scanners play an essential role as medical imaging devices for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of various health conditions. Photon-counting CT (PCCT) is an emerging medical technology that can improve image quality with less radiation exposure.
    • Although Health Canada has licensed certain PCCT scanners for use, it remains unclear whether PCCT currently has a place in care.

    What Is the Technology?

      Chatbots in Health Care: Connecting Patients to Information

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      Key Message

      ​Why Is This an Issue?

      • Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used in health care settings. Chatbots geared toward patient use are becoming more widely available, but the clinical evidence of their effectiveness remains limited.

      What Is the Technology?

      • AI-based chatbots are computer programs or software applications that have been designed to engage in simulated conversation with humans using humanlike language.
      • Chatbots can help humans save time and allow them to focus on more high-level creative or strategic thinking by taking over more routine or repetitive tasks, such as automated customer service chats, appointments, or staff scheduling.

      What Is the Potential Impact?

      • Anyone with access to an internet-enabled computer or a smartphone could use these chatbots to access health information.
      • Chatbots can provide patients with 24/7 access to health information, such as symptom assessment, supportive information, medication reminders, or appointment scheduling, allowing access to information when health care providers are unavailable. There appear to be trends toward efficacy and user satisfaction, but the evidence to support the clinical effectiveness of chatbots in health care is still being established.
      • Existing health care chatbots are mostly free for patients to access, although some developers and health care providers charge fees to access additional features or content. Some apps may be prescribed to patients by providers. These could be covered by insurance or licensed to health care providers by the developer.

      What Else Do We Need to Know?

      • Ethical and data privacy issues remain top of mind when considering the widespread implementation of chatbots for patient use in health care settings.
      • ChatGPT and other AI tools that were not developed specifically for health care do not necessarily provide the level of data privacy that is required of health care information. They are also trained on historical datasets and do not provide responses based on the most current clinical recommendations or health data.
      • The development of AI-specific ethical frameworks could facilitate safer and more consistent development of AI tools in health care by preventing the misuse of AI technologies and minimizing the spread of misinformation.
      • AI tools still require human oversight in terms of moderation and troubleshooting.

      Artificial Intelligence– Enhanced Rapid Response Electroencephalography for the Identification of Nonconvulsive Seizure

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      What Is the Issue? 

      • A nonconvulsive seizure is seizure activity defined by an altered mental status, subtle limb twitches, or changes in speech. They are more difficult to identify than convulsive seizures as they do not have the distinctive motor activity associated with convulsive seizures.

      Artificial Intelligence Decision Support Tools for End-of-life Care Planning Conversations

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      Why Is This an Issue? 

      • End-of-life care provides support for patients and their families during the last stage of life. End-of-life conversations aim to help people better understand their disease prognosis and expected survival, enabling them to make informed decisions regarding end-of-life care.

      Emerging Drugs for Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma

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      This Horizon Scan Bulletin provides information on advanced pipeline drugs intended to treat relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (RR-PTCL). It describes the characteristics of completed phase II and III trials with published results evaluating drugs to treat RR-PTCL that are not currently approved by Health Canada or are under review.

      Buprenorphine-Based Formulations for Opioid Use Disorder in Correctional Settings

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      Various formulations of buprenorphine, including extended-release depot injection and transmucosal tablet and film, are used to treat opioid use disorder. An Environmental Scan was performed to explore the provision of these formulations in correctional settings. A survey of 29 individuals representing Canadian correctional facilities or health authorities revealed that all offered the depot injection, but some lacked the transmucosal tablet or film. Eligibility for opioid agonist therapy typically requires a diagnosis, positive urine test, or prescription.

      Vital Signs Monitoring Sticker

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      The monitoring of vital signs is a key component of patient care. Metrics such as heart rate, body temperature, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation allow health care staff to monitor the well-being of their patients.

      Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: An Emerging Therapy for Post–COVID-19 Condition

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      What Is the Issue? 

      Issues in Pediatric Health Care

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      What Is the Issue?

      Shortage events, the phenomena when demand exceeds supply, can affect both medical care and medical devices. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a global shortage event, the consequences of which are still being experienced beyond the peak of the pandemic (e.g., the lack of pediatric pain medication available in fall 2022).
      Children are vulnerable to shortage events as they represent a small proportion of the overall population, have distinct needs, and the pediatric medical device market has historically offered a lack of options.