Key Message

No health technology assessments or systematic reviews were identified regarding the clinical effectiveness of oral feeding in preterm infants while on continuous positive airway pressure or high-flow nasal cannula.

No evidence-based guidelines were identified regarding oral feeding in preterm infants while on continuous positive airway pressure or high-flow nasal cannula that met the criteria for this review.

Key Message

VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome is a disorder caused by a genetic mutation, and is characterized by hematologic and autoinflammatory symptoms that are severe and progressive. It is typically seen in older men and is considered to be rare. Proposed treatments for VEXAS syndrome include DNA hypomethylating agents such as azacitidine, anti-IL6 monoclonal antibodies such as tocilizumab, and Janus kinase inhibitors such as ruxolitinib. We found 5 non-randomized studies on the effectiveness of the proposed treatments 4 on azacitidine; 1 on ruxolitinib; and 1 on azacitidine, ruxolitinib, and tocilizumab. There are several limitations to the research studies, most notably that they included a small number of patients who were retrospectively identified as having VEXAS syndrome. Therefore, the effectiveness of tocilizumab, ruxolitinib, and azacitidine for treating VEXAS syndrome is uncertain. We did not find any evidence-based guidelines on the management of VEXAS syndrome.

Key Message

Transanal total mesorectal excision may result in lower rates of conversion to open procedure and a better circumferential resection margin compared with laparoscopic total mesorectal excision in adults with rectal cancer.

Transanal total mesorectal excision may be comparable to laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for cancer recurrence, survival, death, and short-term safety outcomes in adults with rectal cancer.

Total mesorectal excision may be more cost-effective than laparoscopic and open total mesorectal excision in adults with rectal cancer, but this is uncertain.

Key Message

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• Liposuction with controlled compressive therapy was associated with higher volume reduction compared with controlled compression therapy alone. This finding was from a low- to moderate-quality meta-analysis of 2 prospective cohort studies. The certainty of the evidence is very low.
• Liposuction was associated with higher improvement in health-related quality of life compared with no treatment. However, the associated data were not reported to enable an independent corroboration of this finding, and the evidence was uncertain.
• Overall, the evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness of liposuction compared with no treatment was very uncertain because it came from a small number of studies with methodological limitations and poor reporting.
• Two guidelines recommended the use of liposuction for the treatment of lymphedema.

Key Message

The results of 1 randomized controlled trial did not find a difference in functional status (6-minute walk distance and New York Heart Association class), hand grip strength, or health-related quality of life for patients who underwent a transcatheter aortic valve implantation treated with iron isomaltoside versus placebo.

There was 1 (1.4%) hypersensitivity reaction and 1 (1.4%) episode of chest pain in patients treated with iron isomaltoside in the randomized controlled trial. Rates of other adverse events were similar between patients treated with iron isomaltoside and placebo.