Twenty evidence-based guidelines describing colonoscopic surveillance following colon cancer surgery were identified.
Continuous glucose monitoring is a method of glucose testing in which a sensor is inserted into the skin and continuously monitors interstitial glucose concentrations. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) systems automatically measure glucose and display a recent glucose value. Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) systems require the person using the system to scan the sensor to display glucose information. The evidence of the comparative effectiveness of isCGM versus rtCGM for improving time in range, time above range, A1C, and quality of life in people with type 1 diabetes is uncertain. Evidence from some studies suggested there was a significant benefit favouring rtCGM versus isCGM for these outcomes, whereas other studies found no significant differences between treatment groups. Evidence suggested that people with type 1 diabetes using rtCGM spent significantly less time below range/time in hypoglycemia than those using isCGM. The evidence of the comparative safety of isCGM versus rtCGM in people with type 1 diabetes is limited and uncertain. Evidence from 1 study suggested that severe hypoglycemic events were more frequent in those using isCGM. In other studies, there were no severe hypoglycemic events in either treatment group. No studies were identified that evaluated the comparative effectiveness of isCGM versus rtCGM in people living with type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes.
Three non-randomized studies were found about the benefits and harms of Infliximab for graft-versus-host disease.
This custom health technology review will summarize evidence on the efficacy and safety of Azacitidine (intravenous and subcutaneous) as maintenance therapy for patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of virtual care increased rapidly throughout the health care system in Canada as it was offered to maintain care delivery while physical distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19 reduced in-person care. This rapid uptake highlighted different issues and uncertainties associated with delivering care virtually and the need for developing or improving approaches to guide the effective integration of virtual services within the health care delivery continuum.
Two evidence-based guidelines were identified regarding the frequency of assessing postoperative vital signs.
"Two systematic reviews and 1 randomized controlled trial provided evidence on the clinical effectiveness and safety of removable rigid dressings compared to soft dressings. Overall, there was limited evidence suggesting that removable rigid dressings had beneficial or neutral effects compared to soft dressings, and both types of dressings were associated with few adverse events.
Limitations that may reduce the certainty of the evidence include small sample sizes, lack of randomization in non-randomized studies, lack of blinding, and selective reporting.
Three evidence-based guidelines based on low-quality evidence were identified that provided recommendations related to removable rigid dressings. The Australian, Dutch, and US guidelines recommend the rigid dressings for transtibial amputations, although Australian and Dutch guidelines specified removable rigid dressings. The Dutch guideline recommends against the use of rigid dressings for transfemoral amputations.
No evidence was identified on the cost-effectiveness of removable rigid dressings compared to alternative dressings.
Intranasal glucagon was equally effective compared with glucagon given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection to treat experimentally insulin-induced hypoglycemia in both adults and children with type 1 diabetes.
The overall rates of adverse events were similar between groups treated with intranasal glucagon or intramuscular or subcutaneous glucagon. Nausea and vomiting were more frequent in the groups treated with intramuscular or subcutaneous glucagon, whereas eye and nose symptoms occurred more frequently in the intranasal glucagon group.
There was no evidence identified that compared the clinical effectiveness of intranasal glucagon with placebo or no treatment in people treated with insulin who received treatment for hypoglycemia.
No evidence was found about the cost-effectiveness of intranasal glucagon and no evidence-based guidelines were found about the use of intranasal glucagon for the treatment of hypoglycemia in people who receive treatment with insulin.
No eligible evidence was identified comparing ibrutinib to another intervention for the management of treatment-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease.
Currently available evidence describing second- or third-line therapies for treatment-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease was ineligible for this review because of the use of non-comparative research methods (i.e., single-arm trials, case series, and case reports).
One randomized controlled trial is currently under way investigating the use of ibrutinib as first-line therapy for chronic graft-versus-host disease; however, no randomized controlled trials of ibrutinib for the management of treatment-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease are currently being conducted.
The need for high-quality randomized controlled trials of ibrutinib for treatment-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease has been highlighted repeatedly in recent literature.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterised by chronic, flaring inflammation and ulcers in the colon. With UC being a lifelong disease, management can become complex and may require multiple drugs in sequence. As a result of recent evidence and detailed analyses, and as the choices for agents used to manage UC expands, so does uncertainty regarding the optimal treatment options and the sequence of drugs that should be used for moderate to severe UC.